The main characteristics of both the transistors are similar except that the biasing of the current & voltage directions are inverted for any one of the achievable 3-configurations namely common base, common emitter, and common collector. The PNP transistor construction is shown below. Consequently, the base terminal of the PNP transistor must be –Ve with respect to the emitter- terminal, and the collector terminal must be –Ve than the base terminal Construction The BC terminals of this transistor are constantly reversed biased, then the –Ve voltage should be used for the collector terminal. The required materials used to build the emitter (E), base (B) and collector(C) terminals in this transistor are diverse from those used in the NPN transistor. As a result, a PNP transistor switches ON by a low signal, where an NPN transistor switches ON by a high signal. In the PNP transistor, the flow of current runs from the emitter terminal to the collector terminal. A PNP transistor switches ON when there is no flow of current at the base terminal of the transistor. In an NPN transistor, the flow of current runs from the collector terminal to the emitter terminal. The major difference between NPN and PNP transistor is, an NPN transistor gets the power when the flow of current runs through the base terminal of the transistor.

Except, FETs have only one sort of charge carrier. In the PNP transistor, the majority of charge carriers are holes, wherein NPN the majority charge carriers are electrons.

These transistors can be used as amplifiers, switches, and oscillators. The operation of the PNP and NPN transistors mainly utilizes holes and electrons. The transistors PNP and NPN are BJTs and it is a basic electrical component, used in various electrical and electronic circuits to build the projects.

Npn transistor